Improvement in stoves



B. MORISON.

Stove.

No. 43,328; Patented June 28,1864.

N. PETERS, Phowumgnpw. whingeon, u o

UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE.

BENJAMIN MORISON, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN STOVES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 43,328, dated June 28, 1864 antedated June 21, 1864.

To a/ZZ whom it may concern.;

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN MonrsoN,

of the city of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, have invented -a lnew and vuseful Improvement in Stoves and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which-a Figure 1 is a front view of a common cooking-stove having the said improvement applied thereto; Fig. 2, a sectional plan view of Fig. 1 below the line fr; Fig. 3,a vertical section of Fig. 2, in the line y; and Fig. 4, a view of the inner side of the front grate, like letters and numerals of reference indicating the saine parts when in the different figures. My improvement relates, generally, to the tire-boxes of those coal-stoves which have open-front grates, and especially to such of these as are intended for culinary purposes. Notwithstanding the great variety inl this class of stoves and the numerous useful improvements in the construction and arrangement of their tire boxes and grates, there has not hitherto been any appropriate practical arrangement or construction produced for re- 'moving stones and clinkers from every part of the bottom portion ofthe grate upon which they may be found lodged without removing from the flre-box the whole of the fuel; and even in this latter operation in a cookingstove the shallowness required in the ash-pit, on account of its occupying part of the oven, prevents a falling grate from affording a sufficient opening for discharging with the requisite facility all the contents of the iirebox. The grates in general use, in cooking-stoves are also made each to present on its fuel side a broad even surface above t its grated or open part, the bars of the grate pecially to those called basket-gratesin more compact condition, and'in so farto ob struct the draft required. The usual modes of constructing and securing the liningbricks of the iireboxes of such stoves are also in some respects very defective and objectionable. p

To remove, or, at least, to greatly diminisl., these objectionable defects and difticulties, and especially to facilitate in the operation of removing the stones and clinkers from every part of the bottom of the grate without discharging the Whole `contents of the tire-box are the' objects of my invention.

It consists in'combining with the tire-box of y a stove astationary or fixed bottom grate and a vertically-sliding front gra-te, the said grates being constructed and arranged together in the re box so as to operate substantially in the manner and for the purpose hereinafter described and specified. l My invention also consists in making the usual vertical ribs77 of the front portion of a coal-stove grate so that the same shall be exclusively on the inner or lire side of the grate, substantially as and'for the purpose hereinafter described and specified. p j, 1 j

My invention also consists in so sloping and rabbeting `the inner or iire sides of thetwo side 'lining-bricks of the dre-box that the back lining thereof may as a single piece correspondingly sloped at its ends be readily carried backward beneath the top plate of the stove and between the side: lining-bricks, and iinally dropped orV pushed down with its sloped ends in the said rabbets, and thus the whole be more firmly and durably secured in the rebox, substantially as hereinafter 'described and specified.

In the drawings, A B indicate the outer plates of the stove c c c', the lining ofthe firebox 5 D, the bottom grate; E the front grat 3,

and F the ash-box. The bottom grated), is east in` one piece, and so as to extend horizontally over the whole bottom area ot' the tire,- box and rest tiatly down upon the usual oft'- fets formed in connecting the tire and ash boxes, as seen -in Figs. 2 and 3, its bars -being` united together and sustained at their back ends by the crossing portion d', and at their front ends by the crossing portion d2," 'as seen in Fig. 3. The frontgrate, E, is also cast in onepiece, and presents at its outer side a t at, continuous surface,with the exceptionof two small studs, 3 3, and the through-slots e.`

e', which produce the intervening bars e2 e2, the-latter being connected together at their lower ends by means of the resulting portion e3, which forms the bottom edge ot' the grate E, as seen in the drawings. 'The inner or tire side of the said front grate, E, presents the Lroaderfaces 0r edges of thebars e2, as heretofore, and these extend, respectively, upward from the crcssingportion e3 below to the tops of the slots e', at` which points the said bars unte with the thin front portion, et, by short bevels from earh side and v continue upward y las beveled ribse0 exclusively on its inner side into union with the top edge piece, e5, as seen in Fig. 4. The thin portion e4 extends beyond i the right and left sides 5 5, respectively, of the grated portion, so as to form tongues or bearings 1 l, the side edges ot' which beingy ma'le parallel to each other at 8 S, and sloped do .v1.ward at 9 9, as seen in the sametigure, for ieasons which will hereinafter' be stated. fljhe inner side of the crossingportion e3 is beveled to an angle of about forty-ve degrees to its 1 bi ttom edge, so as to tit accurately or closely against a coriespondingly-beveled face, which is made on the front edge, d2, of the bottom ate,D, when the said trontgrate, E, is placed so as to rest in its proper vertical position against the frontplate ofthe stove in covering the opening a li of the said front pla-te, as seen in Fig. 1. Wllenthe grate E is in this position, its upper or top.edge,e5,`reach`es labout. half an inch,more'or less, above the tep ot' the ysaid opening a' b', and consequently7 there-is left a spaceabove it. ot'about two-and f a halt or thi ee and al1-alf inches, (more or less,)

through which the said grate is intended .to be rais( d to produce the required-'opening belolw it. Un the inne'r side ofthe .front plate of the stolve'there .are cast parallel to eachother two vertica'llribs, 2 2,'and against.the-inner-tsides 1 of these .ribs -theparallel edges, S 8 of 'the tongues 1 l of the lgrate Eslide,-respeetively,

edges of the two side lining-bricks of the firebox in which the'grate is placed being recessed sufticiently to leave grooves between them and the front plate of the stove for the tongues 1 l of the said grate E to be moved up and downtherein without binding. It will therefore be readily seen that the said front grate, E, can be easily slid upward and downward in front ofthe tire as occasion may require, and that when it is up a sufciently wide opening will be produced below it for removing either thestonesand clinkers from 'every portion of the bottom grate, D, or the whole contents of the fire box, as occasion may require, and that as .the said tongues l lof the grate E are sloped down to the lower edge ofthe same any vashes which: may become deposited in the grooves in which they slide cannot prevent the gratefrom falling into proper Contact with the beveled fronted ge-of the bottom grate, D.

Through-the middle of the thin upper portion of the front grate, E, there is a small through-hole,- 4, which, when the'A 'grate is raisedv up to its highest position, will' correspond with a like hole, 4', infthe front pla'te of the stove, and 'it will bereadily seen, therefore, that if a small iron pin be in troduccdinto both holes when the saine are thus brought opposite-to eaclr other the ygrate E willbe sustainedin the elevated position intended for-.allowing the removal. of the contents of the tire-box. .e

The liningjot' the lite-box consists oftwo side-pieces, C' O,`and one baekpieee, C. The back piece, O', is of a uniform thickness,=and of sufficient width'or height to make itA reach up tov the-v mouth of the main lue of the stove when lin position as seen in Fig. Itis sloped at. eachend, so as to permit it `to be passed backward beneath'the top plate of the stove and dropped vertically into .rabb'ets which" are madeirrthe `two side pieces, as hereinafter described. The side lining-pieces,

G'G, are each`formed or constructed so thatl their front/edges shall nearlyll the Whole width' of-the respective spaces whielrresult between-the'two side plates of the stove and the two ribs or projecting' edges `5 "of the grate E,when the lat-ter is in its proper vertical' position in the-rebox, substantiallyjas represented in .Fi'g'.,2, and so that While the respective backs of thesaidv side pieces, G C,it in closecontact withthe saidside platesfot' the stove, and their bottom .ed gesrest directly uponrthe-.upper side-of the bottom grae, D, their front edges, being recessed or grooved for .the purpose, shalllca-tchbehindy 'or partly receivetandbe tirmlyheld -by the respective `vertical: ribs -2 2*.which'are cast on thefrlont or-'oppositeplate ot' the stove, substantially as represented lin Fig. l2. The-innerer re' sides of the said'two sidevlining-pieces', G10, are each'sloped regularly outward from .bot-fi tomtotopinrear of the parallel front edge,.. and 'also rabbeted at C C to thedepth of halt' an` inch, (morefor less,) as represented inthe same Iigure, for the purpose of permitting the.

back lining-piece, (lf-which is a single piece sloped at its ends, as before described-to be easily passed backward beneath the'top plate of the stove and between the said side pieces, C C, and finally dropped into its proper position in the rebox, with its said sloped ends in the said rabbets C C, the two side pieces havin g previously been respectively connected with the vertical ribs 2 2, and swung outward (as indicated by the dotted lines z z in the figure) into their proper places against the side plates of the stove. The back piece, C', thus coming down upon the bottom grate, D, will entirely cover the solid crossing portion d of the latter, and at the same time lock itself and the side pieces, C C, securely in their proper positions, while the wholetogether will keep the grate D rmly down in its proper horizontal position over the ashvbox F, and also leave the slots of the said bottom grate entirelyT clear to the back lining, as seen in Figs. 2 and 3.

This mode of constructing and securing the liningbricks of the fire-box ot' a stove has superior advantages, in that it avoids the objectionable necessity of making the back lining either in twolengths, in order to get it into place, or (for the same purpose) the Inode sometimes adopted of making square projections on the ends of the back piece to cross-like projections on tl-.e rear end of the side pieces, so as to produce cross-lapping joints, which said projections are very liable to break off in use, and thus permit the lining to fall inward, or, like the divided back plate just mentioned, to become displaced by ashes getting behind them.

The Vertical ribs e" e, which extend across the thin portion e4 of the grate E, produce intervening grooves 7 7 thereon, which allow continuous currents of air to pass upward from the slots e e' (which are between the bars immediately below) to the upper surface ofthe fuel, a-nd thus tend to prevent the overheating and consequent burning away and warping7 to which the upper parts of the open-front grates of the cooking-stoves in common usc are subject, and the grate E, being a separate piece from the bottom grate, D,when it has from long use become defective, can be removed and a new one substituted without disturbing the bottom grate, D, which, from its position, is not subject to become highly heated and thus injured, and ccnsequently about half the cost of a whole grate will be-saved under the circumstances by the adoption of this part of my improvement; besides, the bottoms of the slots formed by the crossing portion es of the front grate admirably serve as fnlcra for the poker during the operation of separating the ashes from the incandescent fuel, and thus to avoid the objectionable rakingprocess heretofore required.

The dotted lines W W', Fig. 3, represent the form of an appropriate poker for the purpose, and also the manner in which it should Having had the herein-described improve ment applied to a cooking-stove and used constantly during the Whole of the last winter, and often subjected to a strong heat from hard anthracite coal, I find on examining the grates D and E used there is not the least indication of the usual burning away or warping to which the old forms of grates are subject under like circumstances, nor was there found any necessity during the whole winter for either discharging the whole contents of the flre-box or letting the fire die out77 in order to" remove therefrom the frequently deposited stones and clinkers. The lining-bricks G G C never became displaced or broken duringthe whole time, andthe facility afforded by the fulcra along the bottom of the grate E for the removal of the ashes from the incandescent coal by elevating the latter with an appropriate poker supported on the said ifulcra, as described, demonstrated the superior utility of the same for the purpose.

Having thus fully described and set forth my improvement in stoves and pointed out its advantages, what I claim as new therein, of my invention, and desire. to secure by Letters Patent, is

The stationary bottom grate, D', and the vertically-slidingfront grate, E, when the same are constructed and arranged together in combination with the iirebox of a stove, so as io operate substantially in the manner described and set forth, for the purposes specified.

2. Extending the grate-bars of the front portion of a stove-grate so that the said extensions, or their equivalents, shall form ribs e0 exclusively on the inner or fire side of the thin upper portion e4 of the same, substantially as described and set forth, for the purpose specified.

3. The mode herein described and setl forth of constructing and securing the lining of the fire-box of a stove, the same consisting of the two side pieces, c c, each sloped and rabbeted, as described, and the single back piece, c', having its two ends sloped to fit in the said rabbets of the side pieces, as described, the front ends of the said side pieces being retained in position by means of the vertical ribs 2 2, or their equivalents, substantially as described.

BENJ. MORISON.

Witnesses:

JAMES P. DIX, B. F. SHATTUCK. 

